The fluctuating fortunes of nuclear power and its ability to adapt to social requirements is a fascinating tale.
More importantly, it explains why the industry is grappling with the challenges of an aging fleet on the one hand and an urgent need to develop new, more flexible solutions on the other.
Nuclear – a brief history
The nuclear industry's journey began in the mid-20th century, with the first electricity-generating reactor, EBR-1, coming online in 1951. It was 30 years later that Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) technology was introduced. Subsequent decades experienced a boom in nuclear energy development, with countries like France and the USA investing heavily in nuclear power plants. During the 1960s and 1970s, nuclear power was seen as a cheap and perpetual source of energy. However, incidents such as Three Mile Island (1979) and Chernobyl (1986) dampened enthusiasm for nuclear power, leading to a period of stagnation and a decline in investment.
By the dawn of the 21st century, a higher degree of safety in plant operations began to win back public trust. This came to an abrupt halt with the Fukushima Daiichi accident in 2011, which led to many countries cancelling their nuclear development programs altogether. However, Fukushima Daiichi also demonstrated that extreme weather conditions caused by climate change – in this instance an earthquake and tsunami – were a new and substantial threat to vital energy infrastructure.
Nuclear drivers for change
Today three key factors are prompting a reassessment of nuclear power as part of our energy mix today:
- Climate change and the need to reduce carbon emissions has made low-carbon nuclear energy attractive again, particularly as a stable baseload compared to renewable sources such as wind and solar.
- Fossil fuel depletion is a big concern in a global economy that has relied on coal, oil and natural gas for decades. As fossil fuel reserves dwindle, the cost of extraction increases. By investing in nuclear energy, countries can reduce their reliance on depleting fossil fuel reserves and mitigate the economic impacts of rising extraction costs.
- Energy security is a third imperative. It is important to diversify energy sources to reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports and enhance national energy security. Diversification of energy sources is essential to reduce vulnerability to supply disruptions and price volatility.
New nuclear challenges
Nuclear power faces two big challenges if it is to achieve its potential in the future.
Firstly, the world's existing nuclear fleet, comprising over 400 reactors, is ageing. Many are over 30 years old, necessitating lifecycle extension programs to ensure safety and compliance. This involves managing obsolescence, retaining skills, and ensuring continued regulatory compliance. With more than 60 years’ experience in the nuclear industry, Celeros Flow Technology (Celeros FT) is maintaining its involvement in this market; with installations of pumps and valves in over 65% of operational nuclear power plants worldwide, we are well-placed to support lifecycle extension efforts.
Secondly, there is the urgent need to deliver an additional 400-800 GW of nuclear capacity globally to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. This daunting task requires political commitment, investment, and a secure supply chain. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are emerging as a promising solution, offering flexibility, cost-efficiency, and advanced safety features. Celeros FT's nuclear-accredited facilities in the US and Europe well-equipped to develop the flow control solutions necessary for these new technologies.
Nuclear safety means success
The nuclear sector is poised to play a significant role in providing clean, secure and reliable energy for future generations, but history teaches us that safety will be key to this nuclear renaissance. Flow control technology is crucial for the safe and efficient operation of nuclear power plants managing the flow of coolant, steam, and other fluids, impacting reactor performance and safety.
Celeros FT's expertise in flow control technology ensures that both existing and new nuclear plants can operate within safe limits, maintain water chemistry, and comply with stringent safety regulations. Our continued investment in R&D and facilities, along with a long-term commitment to the nuclear sector, positions us as a key partner in the continuing story of nuclear power.
